Cappadocia Travel Blog: Valleys, Underground Cities, and Rock Churches
As a leading A-class tour agency, we have curated the ultimate list of the top 20 things to do in Cappadocia, ensuring your visit is an unforgettable experience. This magical region is home to extraordinary landscapes, centuries-old rock formations, underground cities, and more. Let’s explore the wonders of Cappadocia together!
Formation of Cappadocia’s Unique Landscape
The mesmerizing landforms of Cappadocia were sculpted over thousands of years by natural forces. Wind and rain eroded the volcanic ash and lava from the eruptions of Mount Erciyes, Güllü, and Hasan, creating this otherworldly terrain. Situated in central Anatolia, Cappadocia spans the provinces of Nevşehir, Kayseri, Aksaray, and Niğde.
Traveling to Cappadocia
Most visitors to Turkey start their journey in Istanbul before heading to Cappadocia. Flying from Istanbul to Nevşehir or Kayseri airports is the quickest and most convenient option, with flights taking around an hour and a half. Cappadocia’s charm transcends seasons, offering unique experiences year-round. Snow-covered fairy chimneys in winter or vibrant trekking trails in spring make every visit magical.
Best Time to Visit
Spring and autumn are the ideal seasons to visit Cappadocia. The mild weather during these months is perfect for exploring the valleys and enjoying outdoor activities like hot air ballooning and hiking. For a full experience, we recommend spending at least two days in the region.
Top 20 Things to Do in Cappadocia
1. Göreme Open-Air Museum
Step back in time at the Göreme Open-Air Museum, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Here, you’ll find ancient churches like the Dark Church, Apple Church, and St. Barbara Church, which reflect the monastic life of early Christians. The intricate frescoes and architecture provide a glimpse into Cappadocia’s rich spiritual history.
2. Devrent (Imagination) Valley
Unleash your creativity in Devrent Valley, where the fairy chimneys resemble animals and human figures. The famous “Camel Rock” is a must-see and makes for a great photo spot.
3. Monks Valley (Pasabag)
Pasabag Valley is renowned for its three-headed fairy chimneys. Historically, this valley served as a retreat for monks who sought solitude and spirituality. The story of St. Simeon Stylites, who lived atop a column, adds to the valley’s mystique.
4. Zelve Valley
Zelve Valley, once a monastic center, offers a mix of natural beauty and historical significance. Visit churches like Uzumlu and Balikli while exploring the fairy chimneys and cave dwellings.
5. Pigeon Valley
Named after the pigeon nests carved into its rocks, Pigeon Valley is ideal for hiking, yoga, and photography. These nests were historically used to collect pigeon droppings as fertilizer and eggs for frescoes.
6. Ihlara Valley
This 14-kilometer canyon was formed by the Melendiz River and houses numerous rock-carved churches. Trekking through the valley and descending its 397 steps is both an adventure and a step into history.
7. Red and Rose Valleys
Famous for their vibrant colors, these valleys offer some of the best sunset views in Cappadocia. The Red Valley, with its striking red cliffs, is perfect for photography, while the Rose Valley’s trails and hidden churches are ideal for exploration.
Charming Towns to Explore
8. Avanos
A hub of pottery-making since the Hittite era, Avanos is the perfect place to try your hand at pottery. Workshops and demonstrations allow visitors to create their own clay masterpieces.
9. Çavuşin Village
This ancient village boasts stunning rock-cut churches, including the Church of St. John the Baptist. It’s also a gateway to the Red and Rose Valleys.
10. Ürgüp
Ürgüp is known for its elegant stone houses and Temenni Hill, which offers panoramic views of the region. Fans of Turkish TV dramas might recognize locations from the series Asmali Konak.
11. Mustafapaşa (Sinasos)
Mustafapaşa showcases a blend of Greek and Turkish heritage with its beautifully preserved churches and stone mansions. Visit landmarks like the Church of Constantine and Helena.
Fascinating Underground Cities
12. Derinkuyu Underground City
This sprawling underground city, 85 meters deep, features living quarters, chapels, and even ventilation shafts. It once sheltered early Christians during Roman persecution.
13. Kaymakli Underground City
Built by the Hittites, Kaymakli is a marvel of ancient engineering. Its complex layout and interconnected rooms reflect its role as a refuge during invasions.
Iconic Castles
14. Uçhisar Castle
As the highest point in Cappadocia, Uçhisar Castle offers breathtaking views of the region. This fortress once served as a refuge during conflicts.
15. Ortahisar Castle
Resembling a massive fairy chimney, Ortahisar Castle is a blend of history and architecture. Its surrounding stone houses have been restored by expats drawn to Cappadocia’s charm.
Unique Experiences
16. Three Beauties
These three iconic fairy chimneys are Cappadocia’s postcard-perfect landmarks. Their mushroom-shaped tops make them a favorite for photographers.
17. Selime Monastery
Explore Selime Monastery, a massive complex carved into rocks that once served as a religious school. Its cathedral and chapels are remarkable examples of early Christian architecture.
18. Güray Ceramic Museum
Discover the art of pottery at Güray Ceramic Museum, the world’s first underground ceramic museum. Visitors can watch pottery-making demonstrations and even try the craft themselves.
19. Hot Air Balloon Rides
Soaring above Cappadocia in a hot air balloon is a bucket-list experience. These flights offer a bird’s-eye view of the region’s surreal landscapes.
20. Cave Hotels
Stay in a luxurious cave hotel for an authentic Cappadocia experience. These boutique accommodations, carved into volcanic rocks, combine history with modern comfort.
Conclusion
Cappadocia is a destination like no other, offering a harmonious blend of natural wonders, historical sites, and cultural experiences. Whether you’re trekking through valleys, exploring underground cities, or marveling at the views from a hot air balloon, Cappadocia promises a journey of discovery. Plan your trip and let this fairy-tale land enchant you.